Abraham Lincoln

亚伯拉罕·林肯是美国律师和政治家，曾任美国第16任总统。他被广泛认为是美国最伟大的总统之一，因其在内战期间的领导以及废除奴隶制方面的作用。林肯的总统任期带领国家度过了最致命的冲突，最终颁布了《解放宣言》并通过了《第十三修正案》，永久废除了奴隶制。他作为伟大解放者和联邦维护者的持久遗产至今仍被颂扬，其形象和故事大量出现在无数历史记载、电影和电视节目中，使他成为美国历史上最知名的人物之一。[编辑]

亚伯拉罕·林肯于1809年2月12日出生在美国肯塔基州霍金维尔的一间小木屋里。他在肯塔基边境长大，家庭极度贫困。1816年，因土地所有权纠纷失去土地后，全家迁往印第安纳州。林肯九岁时，母亲因乳毒病去世，家庭遭遇悲剧。父亲后来再婚，娶了莎拉·布什·约翰斯顿，她带来了三个孩子，并积极鼓励年轻的林肯接受教育。尽管林肯总共上了不到一年的“结巴学校”，但他主要是自学成才。他通过勤奋阅读借来的书籍自学，包括《圣经》、《伊索寓言》、《鲁滨逊漂流记》、《天路历程》和帕森·威姆斯的《华盛顿传》。他会步行数英里借书，纸张稀缺时，他曾在木铲上写字。通过这种自主学习，他在法律、数学、语法、测量和文学方面打下了坚实的基础。

少年时期，林肯从事过各种艰苦的工作，如劈木栅栏、农场帮工和店员。父亲经常把他租给邻居干活，并扣留他的工资直到林肯21岁。这些年里，他以惊人的体力闻名，身高6英尺4英寸，擅长摔跤。除了体力过人，林肯还培养了对阅读和公开演讲的热爱。他经常步行到县法院观察律师辩论案件，并认真聆听政治演讲，磨练自己的演讲技巧。1831年，他定居在伊利诺伊州的新塞勒姆，担任船夫和邮政局长。他还涉足商业，与威廉·贝里合伙经营一家杂货店，但生意失败，使他背负多年债务。1832年黑鹰战争期间，林肯在伊利诺伊州民兵部队担任上尉，但并未参与战斗。

林肯的政治生涯始于1832年首次竞选伊利诺伊州议会失败。但他坚持不懈，于1834年赢得席位，随后连任四届。与此同时，他继续刻苦自学法律，最终于1836年获得律师执照。这一突破使他于1837年搬到斯普林菲尔德，与约翰·T·斯图尔特建立了成功的法律事务所。他后来于1847年至1849年在美国众议院任职一届。然而，他反对美墨战争使他在此期间不受欢迎，于是他回到斯普林菲尔德，专注于法律业务五年，进一步巩固了法律专长，为下一次重大政治活动做准备。[编辑]

林肯的政治生涯于1854年重新点燃，当时《堪萨斯-内布拉斯加法案》废除了《密苏里妥协案》，允许领地自行决定奴隶制问题。他发表有力演讲反对该法案，并于1856年帮助创建了伊利诺伊州共和党。1858年与斯蒂芬·A·道格拉斯的参议院辩论使他获得全国关注，尤其是他的“分裂之家”演说：“分裂之家无法长久”。尽管他输掉了选举，但辩论确立了他作为反奴隶制主要声音的地位。1860年，他在第三轮投票中赢得共和党总统提名，并以39.8%的普选票击败分裂的民主党，成为第16任总统。

作为总统，林肯领导联邦度过了内战。他监督联邦军事战略，任命和更换将军，包括乔治·麦克莱伦、尤利西斯·S·格兰特和威廉·特库姆塞·谢尔曼。他暂停了人身保护令，并扩充了陆军和海军。他于1863年1月1日颁布《解放宣言》，解放了南部邦联州的奴隶，并允许黑人加入联邦军队。他于1863年11月发表的《葛底斯堡演说》将战争重新定义为争取国家统一和平等的斗争。1864年，他击败前将军乔治·麦克莱伦赢得连任，获得55%的普选票和233张选举人票中的212张。他于1865年3月发表的第二次就职演说呼吁和解：“对任何人都不怀恶意，对所有人都心存慈悲。”他于1865年1月推动国会通过了《第十三修正案》，永久废除奴隶制；该修正案于1865年12月批准。南部邦联投降数天后，林肯于1865年4月14日在福特剧院被约翰·威尔克斯·布斯刺杀，次日早晨去世。[编辑]

林肯被历史学家一致评为最伟大的美国总统，以其正直、雄辩和道德清晰著称。他在多次民调中排名第一，包括2000年、2009年、2017年和2021年的C-SPAN历史学家调查，以及2011年、2018年和2024年的锡耶纳学院研究所调查。他清瘦、蓄胡的外貌、高大的身材和独特的高顶礼帽使他极易辨认。他常被称为“诚实的亚伯”，这个绰号源于他早年当店员时步行数英里退还顾客几美分的故事。他的演讲，包括《葛底斯堡演说》和第二次就职演说，被奉为修辞学杰作。林肯的形象被用于无数电影、书籍和纪念碑，1922年落成的华盛顿特区林肯纪念堂成为国家团结与平等的象征。他的面孔出现在拉什莫尔山上，与华盛顿、杰斐逊和西奥多·罗斯福并列。他常被描绘成谦逊、睿智且忧郁的形象，但同代人注意到他机智敏锐、热爱讲故事。扮演林肯的演员曾获得多项大奖，包括丹尼尔·戴-刘易斯凭借2012年电影《林肯》获得的奥斯卡奖、金球奖、BAFTA奖和美国演员工会奖。[编辑]

Abraham Lincoln commands a presence that transcends his century, with global attention measured across media coverage, search activity, and consumption signals worldwide. In the August 2026 cycle of the iFANN Global Fame Rankings, he stands as the 89th most famous person in the world, holding steady from the previous assessment. Within his home nation, he is the 16th most famous person in United States, while among those born there, he ranks as the 46th most famous person from United States. His influence extends across the continent as the 18th most famous person in North America, and within his professional sphere, he remains the 13th most famous person in Politics. Despite the passage of time, these placements confirm his enduring status as a titan of history rather than a fading memory. The historical figure does not possess a formal fandom name; his admirers are historians, educators, and citizens who revere his legacy through preservation societies like the Abraham Lincoln Association rather than organized fan clubs or modern rituals.[编辑]

Lincoln holds the distinction of being the only U.S. president to secure a patent, receiving one in 1849 for a device designed to lift boats over shoals, though it was never manufactured. An accomplished wrestler, he recorded only one loss in approximately 300 matches and was posthumously inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame in 2013. He famously kept his important documents inside his stovepipe hat, which became an iconic part of his gaunt, bearded appearance. As the first president photographed at his inauguration, his image now adorns the penny since 1909 and the $5 bill since 1923, with the Lincoln Memorial appearing on the reverse of the coin since 1932. Known for his storytelling, he often used humor to lighten tense moments during the Civil War. Despite his stature, he declined honorary degrees from Knox College, Princeton University, and Columbia University between 1860 and 1864. His birthday, February 12, is celebrated in many states, and President's Day in 1971 combined it with Washington's birthday. A statue of Lincoln stands in Westminster Abbey, London, dedicated in 1914. A central legend surrounding his life involves his assassination, where he remains the first U.S. president to die in office after being shot on April 14, 1865. The Emancipation Proclamation, issued on January 1, 1863, stands as the most widely cited event of his presidency, declaring slaves within rebellious states forever free. Another defining moment was the Gettysburg Address delivered in November 1863, a speech so brief yet powerful it redefined the purpose of the war. While the story of him rising from humble rail-splitting origins was heavily cultivated for his 1860 campaign, it remains a foundational myth of his self-made character.[编辑]

林肯的父母是托马斯·林肯（农民兼木匠）和南希·汉克斯·林肯（在他九岁时去世）。他有一个姐姐莎拉（1828年死于难产）和一个弟弟小托马斯·林肯（夭折）。父亲于1819年再婚，娶了莎拉·布什·约翰斯顿，她带来了三个孩子：约翰·D·约翰斯顿、莎拉·约翰斯顿和玛蒂尔达·约翰斯顿。林肯于1842年11月4日在斯普林菲尔德与玛丽·托德结婚，她来自肯塔基州一个富裕的奴隶主家庭。他们有四个儿子：罗伯特·托德·林肯（成为律师和外交官）、爱德华·贝克·林肯（1850年三岁时去世）、威廉·华莱士·林肯（1862年十一岁时在白宫去世）和托马斯·泰德·林肯（1871年十八岁时去世）。玛丽患有严重的抑郁症和情绪波动，三个孩子的去世和丈夫的遇刺加剧了病情。林肯死后，她在经济和心理上挣扎，1875年被儿子罗伯特短暂送进精神病院，并于1882年去世。[编辑]

林肯与他那个时代的关键人物紧密相关，包括政治对手斯蒂芬·A·道格拉斯、将领尤利西斯·S·格兰特和威廉·特库姆塞·谢尔曼，以及刺客约翰·威尔克斯·布斯。他也与废奴运动及弗雷德里克·道格拉斯等人物密切相关，后者曾为他提供建议。他的妻子玛丽·托德·林肯和他的儿子们，尤其是罗伯特·托德·林肯，是他个人遗产的一部分。林肯的成就常与乔治·华盛顿和托马斯·杰斐逊相提并论，他们一同被刻在拉什莫尔山上。[编辑]

林肯已知的第一段恋情是与安·拉特利奇，他大约从1833年起在伊利诺伊州新塞勒姆追求她。安当时与另一男子有婚约，但婚约解除后，她和林肯变得亲密。她于1835年8月25日因伤寒去世，年仅22岁，据报道林肯陷入深度抑郁。历史学家对他们是否正式订婚存在争议。1836年，林肯开始与玛丽·欧文斯通信求爱，他于1833年结识她。他于1837年求婚，但欧文斯拖延了，到1838年林肯写信给朋友说，他因她拒绝而感到解脱。1839年，林肯在斯普林菲尔德遇到了玛丽·安·托德。玛丽来自肯塔基州一个富裕的奴隶主家庭。他们的恋情充满波折，1841年短暂解除婚约，1842年复合。他们于1842年11月4日在玛丽姐姐家中举行了安静的婚礼。这段婚姻育有四子：罗伯特、爱德华、威利和泰德。玛丽患有严重的抑郁症和情绪波动，三个孩子的去世和丈夫的遇刺加剧了病情。林肯死后，玛丽在经济和心理上挣扎，1875年被儿子罗伯特短暂送进精神病院，并于1882年去世。没有确凿证据证明存在婚外情。关于与约书亚·斯皮德关系的传闻仍属猜测，缺乏可靠的历史共识。截至2026年，林肯已去世，去世时与玛丽·托德·林肯保持婚姻关系。[编辑]

On the evening of April 14, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln sat in the presidential box at Ford's Theatre to watch a comedy alongside his wife Mary Todd Lincoln and Major Henry Rathbone. While the performance was underway, John Wilkes Booth entered from behind, fired a single shot into the back of Lincoln's head, and leaped onto the stage before fleeing the scene. The President lost consciousness immediately but remained alive for nine hours while suffering from severe cerebral hemorrhage, eventually dying at approximately 7:22 a.m. on April 15 at the Petersen House across the street. Medical examination by Assistant Surgeons Joseph K.

Barnes and Charles S. Taft confirmed that the bullet had lodged in the right side of the brain near the midline, causing massive destruction of the brainstem. A military commission subsequently tried eight conspirators, finding all guilty by July 2, 1865, with four sentenced to death and executed on July 7 in the yard of the Old Arsenal Penitentiary. Booth himself was never brought to trial, having been hunted down and killed by Union cavalryman Boston Corbett on April 26 at a tobacco barn in Port Royal, Virginia. The nation reacted with profound grief as crowds gathered spontaneously outside the White House and along Pennsylvania Avenue, while newspapers published eulogies and flags were flown at half-staff from New York to Chicago.

His body lay in state in the Capitol Rotunda for three days where an estimated 100,000 people filed past, followed by a funeral train that traveled to Springfield, Illinois, stopping in major cities including Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, and Chicago to allow mourners to pay their respects. Lincoln was finally buried on May 4, 1865, in Oak Ridge Cemetery after a final private service at the State House.[编辑]

Per iFANN's editorial analysis, Abraham Lincoln died with a modest estate valued at approximately $85,000 in 1865, equivalent to roughly $1.5 million in 2026. This figure reflects the inflation-adjusted value of his assets, including his Springfield home valued at $5,000, his law practice assets, and personal property. Historical records from Sangamon County, Illinois, confirm these details. Lincoln never accumulated significant wealth, as he spent much of his career in public service and often took on debt. His estate was managed by his son Robert Todd Lincoln. Posthumously, Lincoln's image and name have generated substantial revenue through licensing, memorials, and tourism, but the Lincoln estate itself does not directly profit from these. The National Park Service maintains the Lincoln Memorial and his birthplace, which draw millions of visitors annually. The U.S. Mint issued four Lincoln Bicentennial pennies in 2009, and the Congressional Gold Medal was awarded to the Lincoln Bicentennial Commission in 2009. The total net worth attributed to Lincoln in 2026 is $1.5 Million.[编辑]

林肯生前未获得正式奖项，因为当时尚无总统勋章。去世后，他在历史学家的调查中一直被评为最伟大的美国总统。扮演林肯的演员赢得了多项大奖，包括丹尼尔·戴-刘易斯凭借2012年电影《林肯》获得的奥斯卡奖、金球奖和英国电影学院奖。该片本身获得了两项奥斯卡奖。林肯于2013年被追授入选国家摔跤名人堂。[编辑]