
Albert Szent-Györgyi
Hungary生物化学家
生日
September 16, 1893
星座
Virgo
出生地
Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary
年龄
93岁去世
简介
早年生活与背景
Szent-Györgyi 于 1893 年 9 月 16 日出生在布达佩斯,是地主 Miklós Szent-Györgyi 和音乐家 Jozefina Lenhossék 的次子。他的叔叔 Mihály Lenhossék 是一位著名的生理学家,在他童年时期一直陪伴着他,并激发了他对科学的兴趣。他形容自己是一个迟钝的孩子,讨厌书本,经常需要家教,但十六岁时他突然产生了求知欲,并以优异成绩高中毕业。1911 年他进入布达佩斯医学院,但觉得医学课程枯燥,转而投向叔叔的解剖实验室。第一次世界大战在 1914 年打断了他的学业,他开始担任军医。在战壕里待了两年后,他厌恶战争,用枪打穿了自己的左肱骨,声称是敌人火力所致,并被送回布达佩斯。在手臂愈合期间,他完成了医学院学业,于 1917 年从 Semmelweis 大学获得医学博士学位。战后,他与 Pozsony 的药理学家 G. Mansfeld、布拉格的电生理学家 Armin von Tschermak、柏林的生物化学家 L. Michaelis 一起工作,并在汉堡、莱顿和剑桥学习物理化学。后来他获得了剑桥大学的博士学位。
职业发展
在 1920 年代,Szent-Györgyi 开始进行植物褐变实验,从柑橘汁中分离出一种他称之为己糖醛酸的物质。1932 年,他与 Joseph Svirbely 合作,通过证明己糖醛酸在豚鼠中具有抗坏血病活性,确认其为维生素 C。他使用塞格德的红辣椒生产了三磅纯结晶抗坏血酸。这一发现为他赢得了 1937 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。他还识别了延胡索酸和柠檬酸循环的其他成分,并阐明了肌肉收缩的分子基础,识别了肌动蛋白、肌球蛋白和 ATP 的作用。第二次世界大战期间,他积极参与匈牙利抵抗运动;阿道夫·希特勒据称下令逮捕他,迫使他躲藏起来。战后,他于 1947 年移民美国,在伍兹霍尔海洋生物学实验室和美国国立卫生研究院工作。他成为美国公民,1936 年担任哈佛大学客座教授,1938 年担任列日大学 Franchi 教授,并于 1954 年获得阿尔伯特·拉斯克基础医学研究奖。他后来研究了癌症和自由基的生物物理学,共同创立了国家癌症研究基金会。他于 1946 年获得了爱丁堡大学卡梅伦治疗学奖。
职业生涯年表
公众形象与风格
名气与粉丝圈
Albert Szent-Györgyi currently holds no placement in the published Global Top 1,000 rankings or any Top-100 scope list within the iFANN system. The Global Fame Engine has evaluated his standing as of August 2026 and determined that he does not currently occupy a ranked position among the world's most famous figures. While his name carries immense weight in academic circles, he lacks a formal fanbase with an official designation, organized rituals, or public campaigns typical of modern celebrity culture. His legacy is sustained through scientific institutions, the Albert Szent-Györgyi Prize for cancer research, and the continued operation of the medical school bearing his name at the University of Szeged rather than through a devoted following of enthusiasts. There are no documented instances of street shutdowns, viral folklore, or fan-funded tributes dedicated to him. The narrative surrounding his life remains strictly within the realm of verified historical achievement and biographical anecdote, lacking the performative mythology often associated with pop icons.
趣闻与传奇
He famously shot himself in the arm to avoid combat during World War I, later describing a mad desire to return to science. To isolate vitamin C more efficiently than citrus allowed, he utilized paprika due to its lower sugar content, which facilitated easier crystallization. During the Nazi occupation, he actively assisted Jewish friends in fleeing Hungary. A fervent antiwar activist throughout his life, he recounted discovering vitamin C in paprika by accident after deciding not to eat it: "I thought of a way out... Suddenly it occurred to me that this is the one plant I had never tested." He maintained a rigorous daily routine of running three kilometers before dawn, a habit that became part of his popular image alongside his quote on innovation. His papers reside in the National Library of Medicine's Profiles in Science collection. Legends also persist regarding the University of Georgia missing a Nobel Prize due to a misunderstanding involving his cats, adding a layer of institutional intrigue to his biography beyond pure science.
著名语录
“I was overcome with such a mad desire to return to science that one day I grabbed my revolver and in my despair put a shot through my upper arm.”
“I did not feel like eating it, so I thought of a way out. Suddenly it occurred to me that this is the one plant I had never tested. I took it to the laboratory… and by about midnight I knew that it was a treasure chest full of vitamin C.”
家庭与个人生活
Szent-Györgyi 是 Miklós Szent-Györgyi 和 Jozefina Lenhossék 的次子。他的父亲是一位地主和商人,出身贵族家庭,管理着布达佩斯约五十英里外的一个大庄园;母亲是一位才华横溢的音乐家。他母亲的兄弟 Mihály Lenhossék 是一位著名的生理学家,也是布达佩斯大学的教授,激发了他的科学生涯。他的家族包括三代科学家。他的母亲曾为古斯塔夫·马勒试演,马勒却告诉她去结婚。他的兄弟 Pál 成为了一名职业小提琴手,而 Szent-Györgyi 本人则是一位才华横溢的钢琴家。他结过四次婚:1917 年与 Kornélia Demény 结婚(1938 年离婚),育有一女 Cornelia,生于 1918 年 10 月;1941 年与 Márta Borbíró 结婚(1963 年丧偶);1965 年与 June Susan Wichterman 结婚(1968 年离婚);1975 年与 Marcia Houston 结婚,后者在他 1986 年去世时仍在世。
重要关系
恋情与交往史
圣捷尔吉结过四次婚。他的第一次婚姻于1917年与匈牙利邮政总局局长的女儿科内莉亚·德梅尼结婚;他们有一个女儿,科内莉亚,出生于1918年,于1938年离婚。1941年他与马尔塔·博尔比罗结婚;她于1963年去世。随后他于1965年与琼·苏珊·威克特曼结婚,1968年离婚。他的最后一次婚姻是1975年与玛西娅·休斯顿结婚,一直持续到他1986年去世。他去世时是鳏夫。
- 已婚Kornélia Demény1917 - 1938匈牙利邮政总局局长的女儿;育有一女科内莉亚;离婚。
- 已婚Márta Borbíró1941 - 1963她于1963年去世。
- 已婚June Susan Wichterman1965 - 19681968年离婚。
- 已婚Marcia Houston1975 - 1986保持婚姻关系直至去世。
逝世与身后事
逝世
October 22, 1986 (享年93岁)
逝世地点
未知
死因
未知
Albert Szent-Györgyi died on October 22, 1986, at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. While he remained active in scientific discourse until his final years, the circumstances surrounding his end were marked by quietude rather than public ceremony. Tributes from the international scientific community acknowledged his foundational contributions to biochemistry, particularly regarding vitamin C and muscle physiology. The National Foundation for Cancer Research, an organization he co-founded, continued its operations without interruption following his death, maintaining the legacy of his later work on cancer biophysics. The Albert Szent-Györgyi Prize, established to honor outstanding research in free radicals and oxidative stress, remains a recurring distinction within the scientific field, serving as a lasting institutional memory of his influence.
身价(遗产价值)
$1 Million
iFANN编辑团队估算
As a scientist who died in 1986, Szent-Györgyi's net worth was modest, typical of an academic researcher. His estate value is not publicly documented. He co-founded the National Foundation for Cancer Research, which continues to operate. His scientific papers and discoveries generate ongoing recognition but no significant financial royalties. There are no publicly available figures for ongoing estate earnings, royalties, or licensing deals. Per iFANN's editorial analysis, his net worth in 2026 is estimated at $1 Million, reflecting his modest lifestyle and the enduring value of his intellectual legacy.
获奖 (4)
Szent-Györgyi因在生物氧化和维生素C方面的发现而获得1937年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。他还于1946年获得爱丁堡大学治疗学卡梅伦奖,并于1954年获得阿尔伯特·拉斯克基础医学研究奖。第一次世界大战期间,他获得了军事英勇银质勋章。
1937 · 生理学或医学
Discoveries concerning biological oxidation processes and the isolation of vitamin C
1946 · 治疗学
代表作
Isolation of vitamin C
1932 · 发现者
Citric acid cycle components
1935 · 研究员
Muscle contraction mechanism (actin, myosin, ATP)
1940 · 发现者
关键词
来源
速览
- 职业
- biochemist
- 出生
- +1893-09-16
- 出生地
- Budapest
- 逝世
- +1986-10-22
- 逝世地点
- Woods Hole
- 性别
- 男
- 配偶
- Kornélia Demény, Márta Borbíró, June Susan Wichterman, Marcia Houston
- 星座
- Virgo
个人资料
- 全名
- Albert Imre Szent-Györgyi de Nagyrápolt
- 配偶
- Kornélia Demény, Márta Borbíró, June Susan Wichterman, Marcia Houston
- 子女
- Cornelia Szent-Györgyi
- 教育
- MD from Semmelweis University (1917); PhD from University of Cambridge
常见问题
阿尔伯特·圣捷尔吉是如何发现维生素C的?
阿尔伯特·圣捷尔吉结婚了吗?
阿尔伯特·圣捷尔吉因什么获得诺贝尔奖?
Albert Szent-Györgyi去世时多大年纪?
Albert Szent-Györgyi有孩子吗?
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