Larry Sanger

拉里·桑格是一位美国哲学家、博主和计算机科学家，以维基百科联合创始人的身份而闻名。他于1968年7月16日出生于华盛顿州贝尔维尤，拥有俄亥俄州立大学哲学博士学位。桑格创造了“维基百科”这一名称，并起草了其许多基础政策，包括中立观点和忽略所有规则。在维基百科之前，他曾担任其前身项目Nupedia的主编。后来，他在俄亥俄州立大学教授哲学，并创立了Citizendium，一个由专家审核的维基百科全书。截至2026年，他担任知识标准基金会的执行董事，该基金会是一个为非营利组织开发在线知识项目标准的机构。桑格仍然是维基百科的著名批评者，经常就认识论、自由知识以及在线信息可靠性的挑战撰写文章和发表演讲。[编辑]

桑格在阿拉斯加安克雷奇长大，他的家人在他年幼时搬到了那里。他的父亲是一名海洋生物学家，母亲是家庭主妇。阿拉斯加漫长的冬季使他童年时沉浸在当地图书馆的百科全书和哲学文本中。他在学前就自学了阅读，并很早就对逻辑和知识组织产生了兴趣。桑格就读于安克雷奇的公立学校，并于1985年高中毕业。1991年，他在里德学院获得哲学学士学位，随后在俄亥俄州立大学攻读研究生，1995年获得硕士学位，2000年获得博士学位。他的博士论文聚焦于认识论和早期现代哲学。研究生期间，他曾担任教学助理教授哲学课程。1999年，他通过一个在线哲学讨论组结识了吉米·威尔士。威尔士当时正在为免费在线百科全书Nupedia寻找主编。桑格接受了邀请，并于2000年初搬到了圣地亚哥。[编辑]

2000年至2002年担任Nupedia主编期间，桑格负责监督一个同行评审的百科全书，该百科第一年仅完成了24篇文章。由于对缓慢的进度感到沮丧，他提议使用维基技术来加速文章创作。在威尔士的批准下，他于2001年1月15日推出了维基百科，为其命名并起草了核心政策。维基百科迅速增长，到2001年底已达到2万篇文章。2002年3月，由于预算削减，桑格从资助该项目的公司Bomis被解雇。他于2002-2003学年返回俄亥俄州立大学担任哲学客座助理教授。2006年，他创立了Citizendium，一个要求使用真实姓名并接受专家监督的维基百科全书。他担任主编至2010年，因项目方向分歧而辞职。2007年，他发表了一篇论文，宣称维基百科已无可救药。桑格于2017年加入基于区块链的百科全书Everipedia担任首席信息官，2019年离职并创立了知识标准基金会。2026年6月，他因违反拉票政策而被禁止编辑英文维基百科。[编辑]

桑格的公众形象是一位深思熟虑、有原则的哲学家。他通常穿着休闲商务装，说话带着沉稳的学术口吻。媒体常将他描绘成被遗忘的维基百科联合创始人，一个被他帮助创建的社区边缘化的知识架构师。他常被描述为反传统者或该平台的批评者。他的写作和演讲以严谨的论证和哲学精确性为特点。在X（推特）上，他直言不讳，偶尔好斗，经常参与关于维基百科缺陷、言论自由和认识论的辩论。他没有庞大的有组织粉丝群，但吸引了一小群互联网历史学家和自由知识倡导者。[编辑]

Larry Sanger's audience is less a traditional fandom and more a constellation of digital philosophers, open-source advocates, and observers of internet history who track his evolving critiques of online knowledge governance. Unlike pop stars with dedicated fan clubs, Sanger draws interest from those engaged in the intellectual architecture of the web, where his legacy is defined by the creation of Wikipedia and his subsequent ideological departure from it. The most compelling narrative in his recent career involves his indefinite ban from the very platform he co-founded in 2001. In mid-2026, this event transformed him from a co-architect into a figure of controversy after launching an anti-bias initiative that led to accusations of canvassing and being barred for promoting what he termed a "highly biased propaganda arm." This exile has become a central piece of modern lore, symbolizing the clash between founder intent and community evolution. While there are no organized campaigns or rituals, his conversion to Christianity and his philosophical writings have sparked intense debate within niche communities, cementing his status as a polarizing yet essential voice. His public persona remains one of rigorous argumentation, often positioning himself against the anonymous mob he once helped build. Despite lacking a formal fanbase name, his influence ripples through discussions on media literacy and ethical AI. According to the iFANN Global Fame Rankings, Larry Sanger is currently the 58th most famous person in Creators & Influencers, a position holding steady from the previous cycle.[编辑]

Larry Sanger coined the name Wikipedia by fusing wiki, the Hawaiian word for quick, with encyclopedia. He drafted the original Neutral Point of View policy, which remains a cornerstone of the project. A classical music enthusiast, he plays piano and holds a black belt in Taekwondo. He appeared as a talking head in documentaries including The Internet's Own Boy (2014) and The Wikipedia Story (2015). After his 2002 layoff, he received no further payment from Wikipedia, contributing voluntarily ever since. He identifies politically as a classical liberal and has maintained a personal blog at larrysanger.org since 2002. His conversion from skepticism to Christianity around 2025 marked a significant personal evolution, detailed in various essays and podcasts. A defining legend of his later career emerged in mid-2026 when he was indefinitely banned from editing Wikipedia. Reports indicate the ban resulted from his campaign to make the site more balanced, which he claimed had been compromised by intelligence agencies and ideological capture. He described the community running the site as an "anonymous mob," turning his departure into a verified moment of conflict rather than folklore.[编辑]

桑格在21世纪初与吉尔·桑格结婚。二人通过学术圈共同的朋友相识。这对夫妇育有两个孩子，其姓名未公开。一家人居住在俄亥俄州。吉尔·桑格是一位注重隐私的人，不保持公众形象。桑格偶尔在采访中提到她，形容她支持他的工作。没有公开的记录显示他们有分居或婚姻不和。[编辑]

吉米·威尔士，维基百科联合创始人，曾是桑格的雇主和合作者；两人关系自2002年以来一直紧张。桑格曾与蒂姆·伯纳斯-李在网络标准项目上合作，并与理查德·斯托曼在自由知识倡议上合作。他曾在互联网档案馆创始人布鲁斯特·卡勒组织的活动中露面。桑格在2013年亚伦·斯沃茨去世前曾与他通信讨论自由知识。[编辑]

Larry Sanger只有一段公开的恋情。他在21世纪初与Jill Sanger结婚。他们通过学术界的共同朋友相识。这对夫妇育有两个孩子。Jill Sanger是一位不保持公众形象的私人个体。Sanger偶尔在采访中提及妻子，形容她支持他的工作。没有公开的分居、离婚申请或婚姻不和的记录。截至2026年，Sanger仍与Jill Sanger保持婚姻关系。[编辑]

As of 2026, Larry Sanger's net worth is estimated at $600,000 per iFANN's editorial analysis. His income has come primarily from academic salaries, including philosophy teaching positions at Ohio State University, and his role as editor-in-chief of Nupedia, where he earned approximately $50,000 to $70,000 per year from 2000 to 2002. His work on Citizendium was grant-funded with modest compensation. He draws a modest nonprofit salary as executive director of the Knowledge Standards Foundation, estimated at $40,000 to $60,000 per year. Occasional speaking engagements at universities and conferences provide additional income, typically $5,000 to $15,000 per appearance. Sanger has no known major investments, real estate holdings, or business ventures. He has publicly stated that he lives a modest middle-class lifestyle and that his work has always been driven by intellectual passion rather than financial gain.[编辑]

Sanger获得的正式认可有限。2006年，他与Jimmy Wales共同获得Norbert Wiener社会与职业责任奖，以表彰他们创建维基百科。2011年，Reed College授予他荣誉博士学位，以表彰他对自由知识的贡献。[编辑]