Nicolas Winding Refn

Nicolas Winding Refn是一位丹麦电影导演、编剧和制片人，以其极具冲击力、风格化的电影而闻名。他凭借《末日车神》(1996–2005)三部曲首次获得关注，这是一部设定在哥本哈根地下世界的残酷犯罪史诗。随后，Refn执导了监狱题材的《布朗森》(2008)，由Tom Hardy饰演英国最危险的囚犯，以及充满氛围的维京史诗《勇者行动》(2009)。他的突破之作是《亡命驾驶》(2011)，一部由Ryan Gosling主演的霓虹灯风格的动作剧情片，为他赢得了戛纳电影节最佳导演奖。该片为Refn赢得了英国电影学院奖最佳导演提名，并确立了他标志性的粗俗暴力、合成器驱动的配乐和极简对话的风格。他继续执导了极其暴力的《 फक्त神知道》(2013)和时尚界的恐怖片《霓虹恶魔》(2016)。2019年，Refn执导了他的第一部电视剧《死亡万花筒》(2019)，为Amazon Prime制作。随后他回到哥本哈根，为Netflix拍摄了犯罪剧《哥本哈根牛仔》(2022)，这是一部魔幻现实主义的犯罪剧情片。截至2026年，Refn正在筹备他近十年来首部故事长片，并期待重返戛纳。他将当前的电影格局形容为“一片奇异的森林”，并承认“电影界在过去十年里发生了许多变化”。Refn的电影经常出现在新黑色电影和邪典电影的“最佳影片”榜单上。《亡命驾驶》被美国国家评论协会评为2011年最佳电影之一。[编辑]

Refn于1970年9月29日出生在哥本哈根，父母是丹麦电影导演兼剪辑师Anders Refn和摄影师Vibeke Winding（娘家姓Tuxen）。他的父母在他八岁时分居，他随母亲搬到纽约市，在那里度过了他的青少年时期。刚到美国时，他只会说丹麦语。20世纪80年代纽约的宏伟与粗粝给他留下了深刻的印象。Refn患有色盲和阅读障碍，这导致他直到13岁才学会阅读。1993年，他进入美国戏剧艺术学院学习，但在一次课堂即兴表演中，他将一张桌子扔到墙上而被开除，因此获得了“野孩子”（Enfant Sauvage）的绰号。被开除后，他回到丹麦拍摄了一部短片。他被丹麦电影学院录取，但在一位制片人看到他的短片并提出资助将其改编成故事长片后，他辍学了。在拍电影之前，Refn曾在他的叔叔的公司工作，从事电影发行和电影节相关事务。他的继父是一名编剧。[编辑]

Refn于1996年凭借丹麦犯罪片《末日车神》首次执导，该片成为了一部邪典现象。该片为Zlatko Burić赢得了1997年Bodil奖最佳男配角奖。1999年，他执导了《血之泪》，由Kim Bodnia和Mads Mikkelsen主演，该片获得了2000年萨拉热窝电影节FIPRESCI奖和罗伯特电影节最佳灯光奖。他的第一部英语电影《X的恐惧》(2003)，由John Turturro主演，获得了葡萄牙奇幻电影节最佳剧本奖。由于《X的恐惧》的财务问题，他几乎破产，但通过在2004-2005年连续拍摄《末日车神2》和《末日车神3》使他的事业得以复苏。2007年，他出于经济原因执导了ITV的《马普尔小姐探案：复仇女神》的一集。由Tom Hardy主演的《布朗森》(2008)标志着他事业的重新崛起。《亡命驾驶》(2011)在戛纳电影节首映并获得全场起立鼓掌，为Refn赢得了最佳导演奖。该片以1500万美元的预算获得了8100万美元的票房收入。随后他执导了《 फक्त神知道》(2013)、《霓虹恶魔》(2016)以及亚马逊的电视剧《死亡万花筒》(2019)。2022年，他在Netflix上发布了《哥本哈根牛仔》。2008年，他联合创办了Space Rocket Nation制片公司。2018年，他推出了BYNWR媒体平台。2019年，戛纳电影节举办了Refn关于影视创作的专题讲座。[编辑]

Refn以其新黑色、极具冲击力的风格而闻名，其特点是风格化的暴力、合成器驱动的配乐、极简的对话、霓虹灯光和粗俗的美学。媒体经常将他描述为不安分的梦想家和“野孩子”，一位创作出不妥协、视觉震撼故事的导演。围绕《亡命驾驶》、《布朗森》和《末日车神》三部曲建立起来的邪典粉丝欣赏他独特的视觉语言和复古美学。没有官方的粉丝名称记录。Refn通过他的社交媒体平台推广他的作品，通过他的BYNWR平台分享电影推荐，并参与电影文化。他曾出现在主要的电影出版物和访谈中。他的Instagram通常有数十万粉丝。[编辑]

Nicolas Winding Refn stands as the 14th most famous person from Denmark, a ranking that holds steady within the iFANN Global Fame Rankings. His reputation extends far beyond his homeland, cementing him as a polarizing yet undeniable force in global cinema. The audience surrounding his work is not a monolith with a single banner; it is a scattered collection of cinephiles drawn to his neon-soaked violence and synth-heavy soundtracks rather than an organized legion with a formal name. While he lacks a specific fandom title like those found in pop culture, his cult following remains fiercely dedicated to his distinct visual language. This devotion was tested recently when his return to Cannes with Her Private Hell generated immediate controversy, with critics labeling the film as despising its audience. Yet, Refn remains unbothered, continuing to alienate mainstream sensibilities while maintaining his artistic integrity. He has explicitly categorized himself as "a fetish filmmaker," a self-definition that frames his entire career as a sensory experience focused on obsession. From the chaotic production stories of Drive to his recent video game cameo in Death Stranding, Refn cultivates a mythos where the director's vision supersedes all external validation.[编辑]

Despite directing the iconic car-chase thriller Drive, Refn does not possess a driver's license, having failed his driving test eight times before giving up. He made his acting debut in Pusher under the pseudonym Jang Go Star, casting actual pushers and street thugs alongside professional actors to heighten the film's gritty realism. His early life was marked by dyslexia, which sparked a lifelong fascination with moving images over text; he once noted that if Shakespeare were alive today, he would write The Wire. Refn's physical stature is imposing at 6′ 2½″ (1.89 m), and he cites the original King Kong as the first film to make him cry at age five. Beyond cinema, he directed high-profile commercials for Gucci featuring Blake Lively and a series starring Matthew McConaughey for Lincoln. A widely retold story from the making of Drive involves Harrison Ford meeting Ryan Gosling while reportedly "high as a kite," a moment that illustrates the chaotic atmosphere Refn embraced. Fans also remember the initial universal hatred the final cut of Drive received upon completion, a rejection Refn ignored to release his vision unchanged. Recently, his contribution of likeness to the character Heartman in the video game Death Stranding bridged his cinematic aesthetic with gaming culture.[编辑]

Refn的父母是丹麦电影导演兼剪辑师Anders Refn和摄影师Vibeke Winding。他的同父异母哥哥是丹麦音乐家Kasper Winding。他自2007年起与丹麦女演员兼纪录片制作人Liv Corfixen结婚。夫妇育有两个女儿，包括Lizzielou Corfixen。Corfixen执导了2013年的纪录片《我的生活由尼古拉斯·温丁·雷弗恩执导》，记录了Refn在拍摄《 फक्त神知道》期间的情况。他们在丹麦相遇，已经在一起近二十年了。截至2026年，Refn仍与Corfixen结婚，没有公开的分居或离婚报道。[编辑]

Refn经常与演员Ryan Gosling合作，包括在《Drive》和《Only God Forgives》中。Mads Mikkelsen出演了《Pusher》和《Bleeder》。Tom Hardy出演了《Bronson》。他的妻子Liv Corfixen是一名纪录片电影制作人。他的同父异母兄弟Kasper Winding是一名音乐家。其他频繁合作者包括演员Zlatko Burić、演员Kim Bodnia和作曲家Peter Peter。[编辑]

Refn于2007年与丹麦女演员兼纪录片电影制作人Liv Corfixen结婚。这对夫妇有两个女儿。Corfixen执导了2013年的纪录片《My Life Directed by Nicolas Winding Refn》，记录了Refn在制作《Only God Forgives》期间的情况。他们在丹麦相遇，已经在一起将近二十年。截至2026年，Refn仍然与Corfixen结婚，没有公开报道的分居或离婚。[编辑]

Per iFANN's editorial analysis, Nicolas Winding Refn's net worth in 2026 stands at $15 Million. This figure reflects his earnings from film directing fees, which typically range between $1–3 million per major project such as Drive. He co-founded the production company Space Rocket Nation in 2008 to maintain creative control over his output. In 2018, he launched the BYNWR media platform, which includes curated content and further revenue streams. His work extending into commercial direction for brands like Gucci and Lincoln adds significant income to his portfolio. Additionally, his vinyl and music curation series with Milan Records, titled The Nicholas Winding Refn Presents, generates consistent revenue. Streaming deals with Amazon Prime for Too Old to Die Young and Netflix for Copenhagen Cowboy have also bolstered his financial standing. Refn has been transparent about past financial struggles, including near-bankruptcy following the release of Fear X, but his enduring style and continued output have secured his current wealth.[编辑]

雷弗恩凭借《亡命驾驶》(Drive) 于2011年赢得了戛纳电影节最佳导演奖。他的电影《末日车神》(Pusher) 获得了Bodil奖最佳男配角奖。《血色》(Bleeder) 赢得了萨拉热窝电影节FIPRESCI奖。《致命88分钟》(Fear X) 在Fantasporto电影节上获得最佳剧本奖。《血色》(Bleeder) 还在Robert电影节上获得最佳灯光奖。[编辑]