
Robert Bresson
Francescreenwriter•film director•painter
生日
September 25, 1901
星座
Libra
出生地
Bromont-Lamothe, Puy-de-Dôme, France
年龄
98岁去世
身高
5 ft 10 in (178 cm)
简介
罗伯特·布列松是一位法国电影制作人,其朴素而精神化的风格使他独树一帜。在四十年的时间里,他只创作了13部长片,每一部都是克制的典范。布列松使用非职业演员,剥离配乐,并采用省略叙事,创造出许多人称之为极简主义电影的风格。他的电影常探讨恩典、救赎和苦难等主题,带有一种既凄凉又超然的悲剧暗流。
布列松的事业在20世纪50年代和60年代达到顶峰。 《死囚越狱》(1956年)基于真实越狱故事,是紧张感和细节处理的杰作。 《扒手》(1959年)讲述了一个强迫性小偷的故事,其简洁风格映照了主角的孤独。 《驴子巴特萨》(1966年)追溯了一头驴的一生,是关于人类残忍与纯真的寓言。这三部电影均入选2012年《视与听》杂志影评人评选的史上最伟大电影百强榜单。其他作品如《少女穆谢特》(1967年)和《钱》(1983年)也获得了大量票数。事实上,布列松保持了该历史榜单上最多影片(七部)的纪录。他被尊为电影界少数真正的天才之一,一位“纯粹作者”,其影响力延伸至保罗·施拉德、达内兄弟和蔡明亮等导演。
评论家和同行电影人都对他推崇备至。让-吕克·戈达尔曾写道:“他就是法国电影,正如陀思妥耶夫斯基是俄国小说、莫扎特是德国音乐。”布列松的方法影响了从保罗·施拉德到达内兄弟的导演。他于1999年12月18日去世,享年98岁,留下了一部体量虽小但地位崇高的作品集。
早年生活与背景
罗伯特·布列松于1901年9月25日出生于法国中部的布罗蒙拉莫特村。他的父亲莱昂·布列松是一名军官,因此在罗伯特童年时期,全家经常搬迁,这使他接触了城市和乡村环境,并影响了他后来对风景意象的敏感运用。他的母亲是玛丽-伊丽莎白(娘家姓克劳塞尔斯)·布列松。
布列松在巴黎附近的索城的拉卡纳尔中学接受教育,在拉丁语、希腊语和哲学方面表现出色。毕业后,他转向绘画,尽管没有他参加过展览的记录。他还在大学学习过哲学。三个形成性影响塑造了他的电影:天主教、艺术以及他在二战期间作为战俘的经历。
20世纪30年代初,布列松为托马斯与吉布斯公司以及可可·香奈儿担任摄影师,香奈儿为他提供了一个工作室来拍摄商品目录照片。作为完美主义者,他发现这项工作压力极大,最终离开了。他在30年代中期担任喜剧片编剧,编剧作品包括《他曾是音乐家》。他的导演处女作是短片喜剧《公共事务》(1934年),这与他后来的风格不符。二战期间,布列松作为德国战俘被关押了一年多(1940-1941年),这段经历直接启发了他后来的杰作《死囚越狱》。
职业发展
布列松的导演生涯从1934年持续到1983年,在近半个世纪里只制作了13部长片。他的第一部长片《罪恶天使》(1943年)以道明会修女为背景,剧本由让·季洛杜撰写,获得了商业成功,确立了布列松作为重要人才的地位。 《布洛涅森林的女士们》(1945年)是他最后一次使用职业演员。
从《乡村牧师日记》(1951年)开始,该片获得了威尼斯电影节国际奖,布列松发展出他标志性的极简风格,使用非职业演员(他称之为“模特”)并刻意采用平淡、无表情的表演。 《死囚越狱》(1956年)获得了戛纳电影节最佳导演奖(1957年),被认为是紧张感的杰作。 《扒手》(1959年)紧随其后。 《圣女贞德的审判》(1962年)获得了戛纳电影节评审团特别奖。 《驴子巴特萨》(1966年)和《少女穆谢特》(1967年)现在被视为杰作。 1968年,布列松当选为法国电影导演协会名誉主席。后期作品包括改编自陀思妥耶夫斯基的《梦想者的四夜》(1971年)、他耗资100万美元的得意之作《湖上的朗斯洛》(1974年)、获得柏林电影节银熊奖的《可能是魔鬼》(1977年)。他的最后一部电影《钱》(1983年)基于托尔斯泰的故事,为他的职业生涯画上了句号。他还获得了国家艺术与文学大奖和法国荣誉军团勋章。
职业生涯年表
公众形象与风格
布列松的公众形象是苦行僧式的极简主义,无论是在他的电影中还是个人生活中。他以极其注重隐私和回避公众而闻名,曾对一位采访者说:“那你和我一样了解。我们有什么好谈的?”评论家将他描述为“神秘”和“冷漠”。他的电影通过单一图像或剪辑即可立即识别:真实的地点、自然的声音、没有配乐或极其稀疏的配乐、非职业演员、省略的叙事以及日记式的叙事结构。天主教主题的罪恶、恩典、救赎和苦难贯穿他的作品。让-吕克·戈达尔称他本身就是法国电影。布列松被尊为电影界少数真正的天才之一,一位“真正的作者”,其影响延伸至保罗·施拉德、达内兄弟和蔡明亮等导演。没有官方的粉丝名称,但爱好者只是“布列松粉丝”或“布列松学者”。学术回顾展和完整电影系列在哈佛电影资料馆等档案机构举办。
名气与粉丝圈 (iFAMOUS Rankings)
Robert Bresson cultivated a legacy defined by silence and asceticism rather than the clamor of a mass movement. His fanbase has no formal name, functioning instead as an elite circle of academics, cinephiles, and film students who revere his strict adherence to artistic purity. The primary hub for this community is the official website curated by his widow, Mylène Bresson, which serves as an archival repository rather than a platform for social interaction. There are no documented rituals, birthday billboards, or organized campaigns; the reverence shown to him is intellectual, characterized by a deep study of his 'Model' method and his refusal to compromise his vision. While he never engaged with fans directly, viewing the concept of the director as a celebrity with disdain, his influence has generated enduring legends among filmmakers. A notable story from recent years involves Michael Haneke's retirement announcement in 2026, where he explicitly linked his own limited output to that of his idol, cementing a generational mythos that frames Bresson as a spiritual ancestor to modern auteur theory.
The scope of his global recognition remains steady within authoritative tracking systems. According to the iFANN Global Fame Rankings, Robert Bresson is the 62nd most famous person from France, a position holding steady from the previous cycle. This placement reflects his enduring status as a pivotal figure in cinema history. His films, particularly *Au hasard Balthazar* and *Pickpocket*, continue to be reviewed as masterworks, ensuring his name persists in cultural discourse despite his absence from the public eye for nearly thirty years.
趣闻与传奇
Robert Bresson referred to his performers as 'models' rather than actors, demanding they deliver lines with a flat, expressionless tone to strip away theatricality. He identified himself as possibly Jansenist due to a belief in predestination and ceased attending church following the Second Vatican Council's liturgical changes. In his early career, he smoked and consumed significant amounts of alcohol. He preferred the term 'cinematography' over 'cinema,' feeling the latter was insufficient to describe his work. Following the release of *Quatre nuits d'un rêveur* in 1971, some French newspapers suggested he incited youth suicide, leading the minister of culture to briefly consider banning the film for viewers under eighteen. Bresson was notoriously private, once telling an interviewer, 'Then you know as much as I do. What do we have to talk about?' He stood 5′ 10″ (1.78 m) tall and rests in Droue-sur-Drouette, France. Jean-Luc Godard famously noted, 'He is the French cinema, as Dostoevsky is the Russian novel and Mozart is German music.'
A central legend surrounding his practice involves his creation of the 'Model' (*Modèle*), where he would record hundreds of takes of simple actions like reaching for a door handle until the actor's face showed no trace of performance. Another iconic moment in his mythology occurred in 2026 when Michael Haneke announced his retirement, stating he made his ten movies just like his idol, reinforcing the lore of Bresson's deliberate philosophical choice to limit his output to thirteen feature films over six decades.
著名语录
“He is the French cinema, as Dostoevsky is the Russian novel and Mozart is German music., Jean-Luc Godard”
“Then you know as much as I do. What do we have to talk about?, Bresson to an interviewer”
“I am rather a Jansenist than a Jesuit., Bresson on his religious views”
家庭与个人生活
重要关系
恋情与交往史
布列松结过两次婚。他的第一任妻子是莱迪亚·范德泽,于1926年结婚;除了结婚日期外,他们的关系记录甚少,且她先于布列松去世。他的第二任妻子是米莱娜·范德梅尔施,她曾作为布列松与电影摄制组之间的中间人。他们一直保持婚姻关系,直到布列松于1999年12月18日去世。没有可信来源记录布列松在两次婚姻中有子女。去世时,他与米莱娜·范德梅尔施结婚。
- 已婚Leidia van der Zee1926 - 至今布列松的第一任妻子;除结婚日期外记录甚少;先于布列松去世。
- 已婚Mylène van der Mersch? - 1999现任布列松的第二任妻子;曾作为他与电影摄制组之间的中间人;保持婚姻关系直至他去世。
逝世与身后事
逝世
December 18, 1999 (享年98岁)
逝世地点
未知
死因
未知
Robert Bresson died on December 18, 1999. The specific location of his passing and the official medical cause remain unrecorded in available documentation. His death marked the end of a career defined by extreme restraint, yet it did not trigger immediate public mourning or vigils; tributes from peers and institutions emerged gradually over subsequent decades rather than as an immediate response to the event. No details regarding the date, location, or nature of a funeral service have been preserved in the historical record, leaving the disposition of his remains unknown. Posthumous preservation of his work has proceeded through private management by his heirs, specifically Mylène Bresson, who curates the official website robert-bresson.com.
Critical attention to his filmography continued long after his death, evidenced by high-profile restorations such as the 4K release of Four Nights of a Dreamer announced in late 2025. His standing among critics remained formidable, holding the record for the most films included in the 2012 Sight & Sound critics' poll. Contemporary directors like Michael Haneke and Kelly Reichardt have frequently cited his influence, ensuring his aesthetic principles endure within modern cinema.
身价(遗产价值)
获奖 (23)
布列松凭借《乡村牧师日记》(1951)获得威尼斯电影节国际奖,凭借《死囚越狱》(1957)获得戛纳电影节最佳导演奖,凭借《圣女贞德的审判》(1962)获得戛纳电影节评审团特别奖,并凭借《大概是魔鬼》(1977)获得柏林电影节银熊奖。他还获得了法国国家艺术与文学大奖,并获得了法国荣誉军团勋章。
1962 · 评审团特别奖
Le Procès de Jeanne d'Arc (The Trial of Joan of Arc)
1957 · 最佳导演
Un Condamné à mort s'est échappé (A Man Escaped)
代表作
A Man Escaped
1956 · 导演, 编剧
Pickpocket
1959 · 导演, 编剧
Au hasard Balthazar
1966 · 导演, 编剧
Diary of a Country Priest
1951 · 导演, 编剧
Mouchette
1967 · 导演, 编剧
L'Argent
1983 · 导演, 编剧
The Trial of Joan of Arc
1962 · 导演, 编剧
关键词
来源
速览
- 职业
- screenwriter, film director, painter
- 出生
- September 25, 1901
- 出生地
- Bromont-Lamothe, Puy-de-Dôme, France
- 逝世
- December 18, 1999
- 逝世地点
- 巴黎,法国
- 性别
- 男
- 星座
- Libra
- 身高
- 5 ft 10 in (178 cm)
- 配偶
- Mylène van der Mersch
- Education
- Lycée Lakanal, Sceaux; studied philosophy at university
个人资料
- 全名
- Robert Bresson
- 身高
- 5 ft 10 in (178 cm)
- 配偶
- Mylène van der Mersch
- 教育
- Lycée Lakanal, Sceaux; studied philosophy at university
影视作品
14
总计
13
电影
0
电视
常见问题
为什么罗伯特·布列松很重要?
罗伯特·布列松有孩子吗?
罗伯特·布列松最著名的电影是什么?
罗伯特·布列松拍了多少部电影?
罗伯特·布列松的电影风格是什么?
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