Vivien Leigh

费雯·丽是一位征服了舞台与银幕的英国女演员，她以与纤弱外表不符的强烈激情著称。她最令人难忘的是两部获得奥斯卡奖的表演，这两部作品贯穿了她动荡的职业生涯：《乱世佳人》（1939）中的斯嘉丽·奥哈拉和《欲望号街车》（1951）中的布兰奇·杜波依斯。在19部电影和50多部舞台剧中，她为每个角色注入了紧张而闪耀的特质，从莎士比亚的克利奥帕特拉到诺埃尔·科沃德笔下的女主角。美国电影学会将她评为第16位最伟大的银幕传奇女星，但她始终坚称自己首先是舞台演员。她的遗产通过年度电影节放映、自称“斯嘉丽军团”的忠实粉丝社区以及2025年《欲望号街车》的持续标准收藏4K修复版得以延续。[编辑]

费雯·丽于1913年11月5日出生于英属印度大吉岭，原名薇薇安·玛丽·哈特利，父亲欧内斯特·哈特利是股票经纪人，母亲格特鲁德·亚克吉。她的早年时光在山间避暑地度过，培养了对讲故事的热爱。六岁时，母亲将她送入英格兰罗汉普顿的圣心修道院接受正规的英国教育。她后来在法国和意大利的学校就读，能流利使用法语和意大利语。

从童年起，丽就向往表演。据报道，她曾告诉同学自己会成为伟大的女演员。14岁时，她观看了西比尔·桑代克的舞台剧，并宣布要从事表演。1932年，她进入伦敦皇家戏剧艺术学院学习，但不久后因遇到律师赫伯特·利·霍尔曼而辍学。两人于1932年12月20日结婚，当时她19岁，1933年生下女儿苏珊娜。丽后来重新接受正规训练，并继续上私人课程。

她的第一份专业表演工作是在1935年的电影《欣欣向荣》中扮演小角色。同年，她出演舞台剧《绿色饰带》，并被经纪人约翰·格利登发现，后者建议她采用艺名费雯·丽。她的突破出现在1935年，当时她被选中出演由约翰·吉尔古德执导的舞台剧《美德的面具》，获得热烈好评。1937年，她与劳伦斯·奥利弗（当时已婚）共同主演《英伦战火》。两人的银幕化学引发了现实中的恋情，并开始了定义他们个人与职业生活的动荡关系。丽在《乱世佳人》（1939）中的表演使她一跃成为国际明星。[编辑]

丽在《乱世佳人》（1939）中饰演斯嘉丽·奥哈拉，是在经过一场高度公开的选角活动后确定的，该活动面试了超过1400名女性。她在一次试镜后赢得了角色，制片人大卫·O·塞尔兹尼克宣称：“她就是斯嘉丽！”该片于1939年12月首映，成为现象级作品，为丽赢得了1940年的首个奥斯卡最佳女主角奖。

1940年，她与劳伦斯·奥利弗结婚，并共同出演了商业成功的《汉密尔顿夫人》（1941）。整个1940年代，丽重返舞台，包括1948年与奥利弗的剧团在澳大利亚和新西兰的巡演。1951年，《欲望号街车》上映，丽赢得了她的第二个奥斯卡最佳女主角奖，以及威尼斯电影节沃尔皮杯和纽约影评人协会奖。她认为布兰奇·杜波依斯是她最具挑战性的角色。

丽在1960年代继续在电影和戏剧领域工作，1963年凭借《托瓦里奇》获得托尼奖最佳音乐剧女主角奖。她的最后一个电影角色是《愚人船》（1965）。她于1967年7月8日因肺结核并发症去世，享年53岁。[编辑]

丽以其瓷白的肌肤、深色头发和富有表现力的眼睛著称，常穿着经典的好莱坞魅力服饰：缎面长裙、珍珠首饰和定制西装。媒体常将她描绘成悲剧人物：美丽、才华横溢但脆弱。在她生前，由于当时不为人理解的双相情感障碍发作，她有时被描述为难以相处或歇斯底里。现代的描绘更为同情，将她视为与疾病抗争的杰出女演员。她的粉丝社群，非正式地称为“斯嘉丽军团”（针对《乱世佳人》爱好者），举办年度放映和角色扮演活动。在社交媒体上，粉丝账号保持尊重、怀旧的基调，颂扬她的电影作品和美貌。[编辑]

The community surrounding Vivien Leigh is a distinctive blend of preservationists, historians, and devoted classic cinema enthusiasts rather than a modern cult with a singular moniker. While no official name like "Swifties" exists, her admirers coalesce around digital hubs such as the Facebook page "Vivien Leigh Legend," which serves as a central gathering point for collectors. This fanbase operates through historical documentation and academic interest, organizing virtual pilgrimages to sites like Chestnut Hill and commemorating her birth and death anniversaries with retrospectives. Their influence is seen in the sustained production of documentaries and the fervent celebration of film restorations, such as the 4K UHD release of Gone with the Wind. These efforts keep the memory of a woman who balanced radiant stardom with private turmoil alive for new generations. The scope of this enduring legacy is quantified by global attention metrics that track media coverage, search trends, and consumption signals worldwide. According to the latest data from August 2026, Vivien Leigh holds significant standing in international fame hierarchies. She is recognized as the 18th most famous person from India, a placement that has held steady since the previous cycle. This ranking reflects her unique position as a British icon whose work transcends borders, cementing her status within the iFANN Global Fame Rankings alongside other legends of her era.[编辑]

Born Vivian Mary Hartley, she later altered the spelling of her first name to match her stage persona. Though globally celebrated for film, she remained a stage actress at heart, performing in over fifty productions throughout her life. She possessed fluency in French and Italian, with working knowledge of German. Her historic achievement includes becoming the first British actress to win two Academy Awards for Best Actress. She passed away at age 53 (often cited as 54 in some biographical contexts regarding her final years) at her London home at 54 Eaton Square, where her companion John Merivale was present. Her funeral remained private, and Laurence Olivier did not attend; she rests at St. Mary's Churchyard in Bisham, Berkshire. Beyond these verified facts, a persistent legend surrounds her dual Oscar sweep, often retold as the moment she became synonymous with the characters she played, particularly Scarlett O'Hara. Fans frequently recount the narrative of her "Beautiful Nightmare," a story describing how her brilliance was fueled by manic-depressive episodes that ultimately consumed her. Another layer of folklore involves her intense relationship with Laurence Olivier, often illustrated by backstage photos that contrast their public unity with their private struggles. Recent research also hints at untold chapters, including a rumored romance in Philadelphia that has recently inspired new biopic scripts.[编辑]

丽的父母是英国股票经纪人欧内斯特·理查德·哈特利和格特鲁德·罗宾逊·亚克吉。她没有兄弟姐妹。她的女儿苏珊娜·法林顿（生于1933年）来自她的第一次婚姻，与赫伯特·利·霍尔曼所生。苏珊娜结婚并育有子女，丽的孙子现在管理她的遗产。丽与约翰·梅里韦尔居住在伦敦伊顿广场54号，直至去世。她没有宠物。[编辑]

费雯·丽与劳伦斯·奥利弗——她的丈夫和频繁的合作伙伴——密不可分。他们的合作定义了一代英国戏剧和电影。她还与导演乔治·库克（执导了她《乱世佳人》的试镜）以及约翰·吉尔古德（执导了她《美德的面具》）密切合作。她的遗产常与凯瑟琳·赫本和贝蒂·戴维斯——同为黄金时代的奥斯卡获奖女演员——相比较。[编辑]

1932年12月20日，19岁的丽嫁给了赫伯特·利·霍尔曼。他们有一个女儿苏珊娜，生于1933年10月12日。1937年，丽为了劳伦斯·奥利弗离开了霍尔曼，离婚于1940年完成。1940年8月30日，她在加利福尼亚州圣巴巴拉嫁给了奥利弗。他们是那个时代最著名的演员搭档，共同主演了三部电影和众多舞台剧。他们的婚姻因丽的肺结核、双相情感障碍和奥利弗苛刻的事业而紧张。1948年在澳大利亚巡演期间，丽与演员彼得·芬奇有过短暂恋情。奥利弗发现后，加剧了婚姻的破裂。他们于1960年12月2日离婚。丽深受打击。离婚后，她与演员约翰·梅里韦尔建立关系，后者在她健康恶化期间一直陪伴。他们一起住在伊顿广场54号，直到1967年丽去世。他们从未结婚。[编辑]

Vivien Leigh spent her final days in quiet seclusion at her apartment on 20 Cromwell Place in the Belgravia district of London, withdrawing from public life to manage a long struggle with tuberculosis that had flared intermittently for years. Her husband, Sir Laurence Olivier, discovered her body in bed on July 8, 1967, confirming the end of a career defined by luminous intensity and fierce dedication to the stage. The official cause of death was pulmonary tuberculosis, a condition supported by hospital records and family statements, though some accounts suggest complications from her bipolar disorder played a role in her deteriorating health.

Public reaction to her passing rippled through the film and theater communities, with the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences honoring her legacy as a two-time Best Actress winner while peers mourned the loss of a performer who brought such unique energy to roles like Scarlett O'Hara and Blanche DuBois. Her funeral remained a private affair held shortly after her death, attended by Olivier and close friends from the theater world before she was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium. Her ashes were interred at the churchyard of St.

Mary Magdalene in East Grinstead, Sussex, where they remain today under the care of her family. Posthumously, Leigh has been celebrated through numerous releases and dedications, including the Ashmolean Museum's Vivien Leigh Prize established to honor screen prints and visual arts. While her estate continues to generate revenue through royalties from Gone with the Wind and A Streetcar Named Desire, new biographical projects keep her memory alive for future generations.[编辑]

Per iFANN's editorial analysis, Vivien Leigh's estate is valued at approximately $8 million as of 2026. The primary source of ongoing income is royalties from Gone with the Wind, which continues to generate substantial revenue through syndication, streaming, and home video releases. A Streetcar Named Desire also contributes through licensing and new restorations. Merchandising tied to Scarlett O'Hara, including dolls from Madame Alexander and Barbie, collectibles, and clothing lines, adds to the estate's earnings. The estate is managed by Leigh's grandson, who oversees licensing deals for documentaries, books, and exhibitions. Leigh owned properties in London and Los Angeles, which have been sold. Her biographies and memoirs continue to generate royalties.[编辑]

丽凭借《乱世佳人》（1939）和《欲望号街车》（1951）两次获得奥斯卡最佳女主角奖。她还凭借《托瓦里奇》（1963）获得托尼奖最佳音乐剧女主角，凭借《欲望号街车》获得威尼斯电影节沃尔皮杯，以及纽约影评人协会奖。[编辑]