Alexandre de Moraes

亚历山大·德·莫赖斯（Alexandre de Moraes），1968年12月13日出生于圣保罗，是巴西法学家及联邦最高法院大法官。他的职业生涯始于圣保罗公共检察官办公室，后担任州公共安全部长，并在米歇尔·特梅尔总统任内出任司法与公共安全部长。2017年被任命为最高法院大法官，莫赖斯还在2022年大选期间主持了最高选举法院。他对涉嫌政变阴谋和针对民主制度的虚假信息网络的激进调查，使他成为巴西政坛的核心人物——有人赞誉他为民主的捍卫者，也有人批评他是越界的激进分子。[编辑]

亚历山大·德·莫赖斯在圣保罗长大，父亲是一名律师，影响了他早期对法律的兴趣。他就读于传统天主教学校，后进入圣保罗大学，获得法学学位以及宪法与国家法的硕士和博士学位。1988年，他加入圣保罗公共检察官办公室担任检察官，专攻有组织犯罪、贩毒和洗钱。他的工作为他赢得了强硬的名声，并于2015年被州长热拉尔多·阿尔克明任命为圣保罗州公共安全部长。在任内，他实施了激进的打击犯罪政策，包括打击贩毒团伙，这提升了他的全国知名度，并为他进入联邦政坛奠定了基础。[编辑]

2017年5月，米歇尔·特梅尔总统任命莫赖斯为司法与公共安全部长，他仅任职三个月便被提名为联邦最高法院大法官，接替因空难去世的大法官特奥里·扎瓦斯基。他于2017年3月22日就职，时年48岁，成为最高法院历史上最年轻的大法官之一。2020年，他当选最高选举法院院长，在充满争议的2022年大选期间监督巴西选举制度。雅伊尔·博索纳罗输给路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦后，莫赖斯下令调查博索纳罗及其盟友涉嫌策划政变的行为。他还主导了对2023年1月8日巴西利亚骚乱的调查，下令逮捕博索纳罗的前司法部长安德森·托雷斯。截至2026年，他继续监督最高法院对反民主活动的调查，包括联邦警察在2025年起诉博索纳罗的案件。[编辑]

莫赖斯以其正式、严谨的法律推理和严肃、务实的公众形象而闻名。他通常身着深色西装，展现出制度权威的形象。媒体对他的描绘两极分化：支持者视他为对抗威权威胁的民主捍卫者，而批评者——尤其是博索纳罗的支持者——则认为他是越界的激进法官。国际媒体将他视为巴西民主韧性的关键人物。他没有正式粉丝名，但他的支持者常自称民主捍卫者。他的社交媒体形象是官方和制度性的，帖子仅限于法院判决和公开声明。[编辑]

Alexandre de Moraes commands a presence defined not by adoration but by intense, polarized scrutiny. His public image is a battleground where supporters hail him as the shield of democracy and critics decry him as an overreaching authoritarian. There are no fan clubs, no birthday billboards, and no viral moments of celebration; instead, his name triggers heated debates in courtrooms, newsrooms, and diplomatic corridors. The United States sanctioned him for alleged human rights abuses, while tech giants like Elon Musk clashed with his orders to curb disinformation on X. These high-stakes confrontations have cemented his status as a central figure in Brazil's political turmoil rather than a celebrity with a devoted following. The audience engaging with his legacy consists of citizens divided by ideology, legal scholars analyzing his rulings, and international observers monitoring democratic resilience. He has no formal fandom name, and the concept of fans rallying behind him does not exist in the way it does for entertainers or athletes. Yet, his influence permeates global discourse, placing him among the most recognized figures in the region. According to the iFANN Global Fame Rankings, he holds significant standing as the 36th most famous person in Brazil, a position that has held steady through recent cycles. This ranking reflects his pervasive role in shaping national policy and navigating complex legal crises.[编辑]

Before ascending to the Supreme Federal Court, Alexandre de Moraes spent over a decade as a law professor at the University of São Paulo, teaching constitutional law and authoring textbooks like Direito Constitucional and Direito Penal that remain staples in Brazilian law schools. A native of São Paulo born in 1968, he speaks Portuguese and English with basic proficiency in Spanish and French. Outside the courtroom, he is an avid fan of Brazilian music and has been photographed attending live concerts. His early career as a prosecutor featured a notable investigation into a major money laundering scheme linked to the Primeiro Comando da Capital drug gang. In recent years, his judicial actions have generated their own form of legendary status within political circles. The U.S. Department of State sanctioned him in July 2025 for serious human rights abuses, marking a rare diplomatic escalation against a sitting judge. He also became a focal point of global attention during a standoff with Elon Musk over content moderation on the X platform. Critics have compiled lists labeling his decisions as examples of serial arbitrariness, while supporters view these same rulings as necessary defenses against authoritarian threats. His prosecution of former President Jair Bolsonaro remains one of the most watched legal dramas in modern Brazilian history.[编辑]

亚历山大·德·莫赖斯与维维亚内·巴尔西·德·莫赖斯结婚，后者保持非常低调的公众形象。这对夫妇已相伴数十年，育有子女，但具体人数和姓名未公开披露以保护隐私。他的父亲是一名律师，影响了他的职业道路。全家居住在圣保罗。莫赖斯未公开分享过兄弟姐妹或宠物的细节。[编辑]

莫赖斯与其主要政治对手雅伊尔·博索纳罗关系密切，他曾调查后者涉嫌策划政变。他由米歇尔·特梅尔总统任命，此前曾在州长热拉尔多·阿尔克明手下任职。他与联邦最高法院大法官路易斯·福克斯和罗莎·韦伯共事。他下令逮捕前司法部长安德森·托雷斯，涉及2023年巴西利亚骚乱。[编辑]

亚历山大·德·莫赖斯自1990年代左右与维维亚内·巴尔西·德·莫赖斯结婚。她保持非常低调的公众形象，很少出现在媒体中。夫妇育有子女，但细节保密。由于莫赖斯备受瞩目的政治和司法角色，他们面临公众审视，但在其职业生涯中始终相守。没有可靠报道提及他之前有过婚姻、离婚或其他公开关系。截至2026年，他与维维亚内·巴尔西·德·莫赖斯保持婚姻关系。[编辑]

iFANN currently estimates Alexandre de Moraes's net worth in 2026 at $3 Million. This figure stems primarily from his salary as a justice of the Supreme Federal Court, which totals roughly R$44,000 per month plus benefits. Previous roles as Minister of Justice and Secretary of Public Security contributed significantly to his accumulated wealth before his appointment to the high court. He has supplemented his income through academic work teaching at the University of São Paulo and royalties from his legal textbooks on constitutional and criminal law. While he owns property in São Paulo, specific asset values remain private. Brazilian Supreme Court justices face strict prohibitions against holding private sector positions or investments that could create conflicts of interest, ensuring his financial profile relies heavily on government compensation and family assets.[编辑]

莫赖斯获得了多项巴西法律和政府荣誉，包括巴西最高外交荣誉——里奥布兰科勋章指挥官级，以及巴西司法和公共部功绩勋章大十字级。他还获得了巴西律师协会颁发的功绩奖章以及多个城市的荣誉公民称号。[编辑]