Ali Khamenei

阿里·哈梅内伊是伊朗什叶派神职人员和政治家，自1989年起担任伊朗第二任最高领袖直至2026年去世。他以长达三十年的国家最高权威任期而闻名，将伊朗转变为地区大国，并巩固了其反以色列和反西方影响的立场。在其领导下，伊朗支持用于民用的核开发，并支持中东各地的什叶派伊斯兰主义运动和盟友，形成了“抵抗轴心”。哈梅内伊是武装部队总司令和伊斯兰革命卫队（IRGC）的领导人，将其塑造为控制和地区影响力的工具。他的统治以经济私有化、权力集中为特点，并伴随着重大的国内抗议和国际冲突，最终在2026年遇刺身亡。他的遗产继续塑造着伊朗的政治和宗教格局。[编辑]

赛义德·阿里·侯赛尼·哈梅内伊于1939年4月19日出生于伊朗呼罗珊省马什哈德。他在一个虔诚的宗教家庭中长大，是八个孩子中的第六个。他的父亲贾瓦德·哈梅内伊是阿塞拜疆突厥裔的什叶派神职人员，母亲哈迪杰·米尔达马迪则来自波斯裔的神职人员家庭。家族血统可追溯到赛义德·侯赛因·塔夫雷希，他是阿夫塔西·赛义德的后裔，而后者又追溯其祖先至第四任什叶派伊玛目阿里·萨贾德的孙子——乌莱玛苏丹艾哈迈德。按照传统，加入什叶派神职人员的男性家庭成员（如他的父亲）会佩戴黑色头巾，以象征他们属于先知家族。尽管家族血统显赫，但他们的生活十分简朴，住在一间带地下室的一居室房屋中，经常以面包、椰枣和葡萄干等基本食物为生。

哈梅内伊的正式教育从四岁开始，在马克塔布学习《古兰经》。后来他在马什哈德第一所伊斯兰学校完成了小学教育。他选择神学道路而非传统高中，进入马什哈德的霍扎学习宗教研究。除了神学院课程外，哈梅内伊还对数学、地理、历史、诗歌和文学等多种学科产生了浓厚兴趣。他受过高等教育的母亲精通宗教、历史、文学和诗歌，在培养这些兴趣方面发挥了重要作用，教他波斯历史和艺术。1958年，十九岁的他前往伊朗神学界的中心库姆，接受更高级的神学培训。在那里，他师从谢赫·哈希姆·卡兹维尼和阿亚图拉·米拉尼等著名学者，并特别参加了鲁霍拉·霍梅尼的课程。他还曾前往伊拉克纳杰夫进行额外的学术研究。

正是在20世纪60年代初，哈梅内伊的道路从纯粹的学术追求转向积极的政治参与，标志着他在导师鲁霍拉·霍梅尼领导下加入反对沙阿穆罕默德·礼萨·巴列维统治的新兴运动。他对沙阿政权的强烈反对很快引起了当局的注意。从1963年开始，他因参与组织抗议和分发反政府文献而被沙阿的秘密警察组织萨瓦克逮捕六次。这些行为导致他被流放到伊朗东南部偏远地区，从而坚定了他对革命事业的承诺。[编辑]

1979年伊朗伊斯兰革命后，哈梅内伊成为革命委员会成员和霍梅尼的信任密友。1981年至1989年，他担任伊朗第三任总统，在两届任期内主导了伊朗-伊拉克战争。在此期间，他加强了与伊斯兰革命卫队的关系。1989年6月3日霍梅尼去世后，专家会议任命哈梅内伊为临时最高领袖。1989年8月，在宪法修正案取消最高领袖需为效仿源泉的要求后，专家会议正式选举他为伊朗第二任最高领袖。在36年间，他将伊斯兰革命卫队塑造成控制和地区影响力的工具。其外交政策支持叙利亚、伊拉克、也门和加沙的抵抗轴心，以及乌克兰的俄罗斯。2015年，伊朗同意《联合全面行动计划》核协议，但美国于2018年退出并重新实施制裁。2020年美国暗杀卡西姆·苏莱曼尼促使哈梅内伊监督报复行动。2025年12月起，因物价上涨爆发抗议浪潮，2026年1月达到高峰，据报道超过3000人死亡。2026年2月28日，哈梅内伊在与以色列和美国的冲突中被暗杀。专家会议选举其子穆杰塔巴·哈梅内伊为继任者。哈梅内伊因在伊朗-伊拉克战争中的领导力被授予伊朗伊斯兰共和国胜利勋章、胜利勋章和霍拉姆勋章。他拥有伊朗大学的名誉博士学位。他曾入选《福布斯》世界最具影响力人物、《时代》百大最具影响力人物和《外交政策》全球百大思想家。他曾登上《时代》杂志、《大西洋月刊》、《Al-Monitor》和《半岛电视台》封面。[编辑]

哈梅内伊通常戴黑色头巾（象征先知穆罕默德的后裔）、穿黑色长袍、戴眼镜。对支持者而言，他是伊朗主权的坚定捍卫者；对批评者而言，他象征着抵制改革的强硬政治体制。西方媒体常将他描绘成强硬威权人物。他的官方通讯通过演讲和书面声明发布，形式正式，兼具宗教和政治色彩。在伊朗，他的肖像出现在公共活动和宗教仪式上，他去世后举行了大规模哀悼游行。他的社交媒体账号包括Instagram、X、Facebook和YouTube，由工作人员管理，主要发布政治信息。他身高约5英尺8英寸（173厘米）。他曾入选《福布斯》世界最具影响力人物和《时代》百大最具影响力人物。一些支持者会庆祝他的生日。[编辑]

Supporters of Ali Khamenei did not organize as a traditional fandom with a formal name, but rather functioned as a vast, institutionalized political base rooted in religious devotion and state loyalty. This audience engaged in mandatory rituals such as Friday prayers and public displays of his portrait, viewing his leadership as a divine mandate that protected Iran from foreign aggression. His legacy is defined by this enduring influence rather than voluntary fan campaigns or social media trends, with the Basij militia serving as the primary vehicle for mobilizing this support structure.

The scope of his global recognition remains substantial even in the years following his death in February 2026. According to the iFANN Global Fame Rankings, he holds the position of the 1st most famous person from Iran, a standing that has remained steady since the previous cycle. Within his home country, he is recognized as the 2nd most famous person in Iran, reflecting his status as the architect of the nation's resistance ideology. On a regional scale, he ranks as the 7th most famous person in Middle East, underscoring his pivotal role in shaping geopolitical dynamics across the region.

His influence extends into the broader category of political figures, where he is listed as the 25th most famous person in Politics. Globally, the archives place him at the 148th most famous person in the world, a rank that has held firm through multiple assessment periods. These placements reflect a lifetime of commanding attention through speeches, written statements, and the sheer weight of his authority over Iran's military and religious institutions.[编辑]

Ali Khamenei's right arm was permanently paralyzed following a 1981 assassination attempt involving a bomb concealed within a tape recorder. He never completed high school, choosing instead to pursue advanced religious seminary education. His family name originates from the village of Khamaneh in East Azerbaijan province, where he described an impoverished childhood defined by bread and raisins for supper in a single-room dwelling. Lineage records trace his ancestry back to the fourth Shia Imam, Ali al-Sajjad. Two of his brothers also entered the clergy, including Hadi Khamenei, who served as a newspaper editor. Khamenei maintained a lifelong appreciation for poetry and literature, with his mother instructing him in Persian history and art. He initially harbored doubts about his qualifications to serve as supreme leader, prompting a constitutional amendment to permit a mid-ranking cleric to assume the post. A central legend surrounding his legacy involves his survival of an early strike during the Iran-Iraq War, which killed his father and left him injured, cementing his image as a survivor of martyrdom. His death in February 2026 triggered immediate geopolitical shifts, with reports describing intense grief and defiance at his state funeral in Tehran. The subsequent months saw factions competing over military direction, highlighting the weight of his role as the architect of Iran's resistance ideology.[编辑]

哈梅内伊的父亲贾瓦德·哈梅内伊是一位什叶派神职人员和穆智台希德，出生于伊拉克纳杰夫，有阿塞拜疆突厥血统。他的母亲哈迪杰·米尔达马迪是来自亚兹德的波斯人，出身宗教世家。他有两个兄弟也是神职人员，其中包括报纸编辑哈迪·哈梅内伊。他的姐姐法蒂玛·侯赛尼·哈梅内伊于2015年去世，享年89岁。哈梅内伊与曼苏雷·霍贾斯特·巴盖尔扎德结婚；他们育有多个子女，包括1969年出生、接替他成为最高领袖的穆杰塔巴·哈梅内伊。童年时全家住在一间屋子里，靠面包、椰枣和葡萄干为生。他的祖先可追溯到第四任什叶派伊玛目阿里·萨贾德。他的父亲出生于伊拉克纳杰夫，是一位公认的穆智台希德。哈梅内伊是八个孩子中的次子。[编辑]

哈梅内伊是伊斯兰共和国创始人鲁霍拉·霍梅尼的学生和密友。他与圣城旅指挥官卡西姆·苏莱曼尼密切合作，并监督了马哈茂德·艾哈迈迪内贾德、哈桑·鲁哈尼、易卜拉欣·莱西和马苏德·佩泽什基安几位总统的任期。他的儿子穆杰塔巴·哈梅内伊接替他成为最高领袖。他的弟弟哈迪·哈梅内伊是报纸编辑和神职人员。[编辑]

哈梅内伊与曼苏雷·霍贾斯特·巴盖尔扎德结婚，这是他唯一已知的配偶。两人相识的细节未广泛公开。他们育有多个子女，包括1969年出生、接替父亲成为最高领袖的穆杰塔巴·哈梅内伊。这段婚姻持续到哈梅内伊于2026年2月28日去世。截至2026年，他的妻子仍在世。[编辑]

The Office of the Supreme Leader announced on February 28, 2026, that Ali Khamenei had passed away in Tehran at the age of 86. Official Iranian narratives framed the event as a martyrdom resulting from foreign aggression, specifically citing United States and Israeli airstrikes as the cause of his death. This account stands in contrast to earlier biographical expectations of natural causes, establishing the incident as an act of war rather than illness. The reaction within Iran and among allied militias was characterized by massive funeral processions, with Faleh al-Fayyadh of the Popular Mobilization Units describing the ceremonies in Iraq as a moment that revived consciences.

While some later claims suggested secret peace talks occurred before the attack, the official state response focused on consolidating power through the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. A military junta structure emerged to replace traditional clerical rule, with Mojtaba Khamenei installed as the new Supreme Leader to oversee the transition. The estate and leadership were transferred immediately to the successor, who began appointing loyalists to key positions amidst ongoing regional tensions.[编辑]

The financial standing of Ali Khamenei has long been a subject of speculation, with estimates varying widely across different analyses. While the Supreme Leader's office controlled assets worth tens of billions of dollars through various foundations and state-owned enterprises, his personal wealth was reported as more modest. Research by the iFANN Editorial Team puts Ali Khamenei's net worth at $4 Billion. Reuters investigations suggested the office controlled an economic empire worth approximately $95 billion through Setad, a charitable foundation that expanded into a massive conglomerate. Western government estimates put Setad's assets in the tens of billions. Independent analysts estimated Khamenei's personal wealth between $1 and $4 billion, though these figures are disputed. As of 2026, his estate, managed by his family and the Office of the Supreme Leader, continues to earn revenue through Setad and other state-controlled entities. His son Mojtaba Khamenei, who succeeded him as supreme leader, now oversees these assets. Wealth sources included control over Setad with holdings in oil, gas, telecommunications, finance, real estate, and agriculture; control over bonyads; state budget allocations; and real estate holdings. No known personal endorsement deals or business ventures outside state-controlled entities existed.[编辑]

哈梅内伊获得了伊朗伊斯兰共和国的多项国家荣誉，包括因两伊战争期间的领导力而获得的Fath勋章、因军事和政治成就获得的Nasr勋章，以及因对伊斯兰革命的贡献获得的Khorram勋章。他还获得了伊朗大学的荣誉博士学位。他未参与西方娱乐业的奖项体系。[编辑]