
Augustus
Italypolitician•military personnel•ruler
Also known as: Octavian, Gaius Octavius Thurinus, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
生日
September 23, 63 BC
星座
Libra
出生地
Rome, Italy
年龄
Died at 75
身高
5 ft 7 in (170 cm)
简介
奥古斯都是罗马帝国的建立者及首位皇帝,自公元前27年统治至公元14年去世,他被铭记为西方历史上最具影响力的政治家之一。他原名盖乌斯·屋大维,被叔祖父尤利乌斯·凯撒收养并指定为继承人,在凯撒遇刺后的内战混乱中崛起,击败对手,将前所未有的权力集中在自己手中。他的天才不在于征服,而在于政治设计。他没有自称国王(罗马人憎恶的头衔),而是构建了一个后来被称为“元首制”的体系,在该体系中他掌握实权,同时保留旧共和国的外在形式,并仅以“第一公民”自居。这一精心设计的虚构为罗马提供了一种可持续数百年的单人统治模式。他的长期统治开启了“罗马和平”,这是罗马世界相对和平的持续时期,伴随军队、财政和行政的全面改革,以及文学和纪念性建筑的繁荣。历史学家仍在争论他的独裁对罗马自由造成的代价。即便如此,他将一个摇摇欲坠的共和国转变为持久的帝国,堪称古代最具决定性的政治成就之一。
早年生活与背景
奥古斯都于公元前63年9月23日出生在罗马帕拉蒂尼山一处普通的家族房产中,原名盖乌斯·屋大维·图里努斯。他的父亲也叫盖乌斯·屋大维,是一位曾治理马其顿的元老和前裁判官;母亲阿提娅是尤利乌斯·凯撒的侄女。他四岁时父亲去世,母亲改嫁卢基乌斯·马尔基乌斯·菲利普斯。屋大维随后与祖母尤利娅(凯撒的姐姐)同住,由她负责早期抚养。他接受了修辞、哲学和军事艺术的全面教育,青年时期被授予祭司席位,并获准在公共活动中陪伴凯撒。公元前44年,他十八岁,正在伊庇鲁斯学习天文学时,凯撒遇刺的消息传来。凯撒的遗嘱指定屋大维为养子和主要继承人。他立即渡海返回意大利,继承遗产,并更名为盖乌斯·尤利乌斯·凯撒·屋大维安努斯,为他进入罗马政坛奠定了基础。
职业发展
屋大维于公元前44年5月抵达罗马,发现马克·安东尼掌控着凯撒派系和国库。他巧妙地争取元老院支持,从凯撒老兵中招募了一支私人军队,迫使安东尼让步。公元前43年,他与安东尼和雷必达组成“后三头同盟”,这是一个合法授权的恢复国家委员会。三头宣布公敌名单,处决了数百人,包括西塞罗,并于公元前42年在腓立比击败了凯撒的刺杀者布鲁图斯和卡西乌斯。三人之间的紧张关系导致罗马世界分裂。屋大维统治西部,安东尼统治东部。冲突不可避免。公元前31年,屋大维的舰队由其朋友阿格里帕指挥,在亚克兴战役中击溃了安东尼和克利奥帕特拉的联军。两人逃往埃及,次年自杀。屋大维吞并埃及,夺取其巨额财富,成为罗马的唯一主宰。公元前27年1月16日,元老院授予他“奥古斯都”尊号,意为“受崇敬者”,他正式恢复共和国,同时保留对军队和行省的实际控制。在接下来的四十年里,他改革税收,建立常备职业军队和近卫军,为罗马设立消防和警察服务,并修建了广泛的道路和水渠网络。他资助维吉尔、贺拉斯和李维,他们的作品定义了奥古斯都时代。帝国扩张至西班牙、瑞士和巴尔干地区,尽管公元9年条顿堡森林的惨重损失使他设定了固定边界。他于公元14年8月19日在诺拉去世,被元老院神化。
职业生涯年表
公众形象与风格
名气与粉丝圈
The Roman Empire's first emperor left no organized fanbase, no official subreddit, and no modern cult of personality that gathers for birthday billboards or subway ads. His legacy is one of historical reverence rather than contemporary fandom, with a global audience that spans two millennia of study rather than active participation. While the concept of a dedicated fan club did not exist in antiquity, Augustus remains a towering figure whose name echoes through every history textbook and documentary produced since. According to the latest data from the iFANN Global Fame Rankings, he holds the position of the 23rd most famous person from Italy, a standing that has held steady through the previous cycle.
趣闻与传奇
Augustus was born Gaius Octavius, but his full birth name included Thurinus, a nod to his father's victory over a slave revolt at Thurii. He was deeply superstitious, consulting omens before making major decisions, and suffered from a stutter that he largely overcame through relentless practice. His daily life followed a strict routine: seven hours of sleep at night, afternoon naps, and a hatred for traveling in litters due to claustrophobia. He banned young men from attending the theater unless accompanied by an older relative and loved dice games, often playing with friends. When his daughter Julia committed adultery, he exiled her and refused to let her return. He famously refused the title Dominus, preferring Princeps, and wrote an autobiography that covered his life up to about 25 BC before vanishing.
Historical legends cement his status as a master of political theater. A foundational story recounts his posthumous adoption by Julius Caesar, which launched his rise from a young noble to the ruler of Rome. Another pivotal moment was the Battle of Actium, where he defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra, ending civil wars and ushering in the Pax Romana. Ancient sources also preserve the dramatic deathbed scene at Nola, where he reportedly asked if he had played his part well in the great comedy of life before passing away.
著名语录
“I found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble.”
“Make haste slowly.”
“Quintilius Varus, give me back my legions!”
“May it be my privilege to establish the State in a firm and secure position...”
“I acted not for my own advantage but for that of the commonwealth.”
“I received a state overwhelmed by faction and made it peaceful and free.”
家庭与个人生活
重要关系
恋情与交往史
奥古斯都结过三次婚,每次联姻都与政治策略相关。他的第一段婚姻是与马克·安东尼的继女克劳迪娅,于公元前42年缔结,以巩固后三头同盟。他于公元前41年与她离婚,据记载她仍是处女,随后娶了斯克里波尼娅。斯克里波尼娅是塞克斯图斯·庞培支持者的妹妹,这场婚姻旨在与庞培达成和平。公元前39年,就在斯克里波尼娅生下女儿茱莉亚的当天,奥古斯都与她离婚,据称是因为他无法忍受她的脾气。几周内,他迫使莉维娅·德鲁西拉与丈夫提比略·克劳狄乌斯·尼禄离婚,并于公元前38年娶了她。当时莉维娅已怀有第二个儿子。他们的婚姻持续了52年,直到奥古斯都去世。他们没有亲生子女,但莉维娅的儿子提比略和德鲁苏斯成为他的继承人。奥古斯都深爱莉维娅,写给她的信件充满深情,她也是他的政治知己。古代资料还提到他与元老院议员妻子的绯闻,包括其顾问梅塞纳斯的妻子特伦提娅,但这些并未得到可靠证实。截至2026年,奥古斯都已去世,去世时的婚姻状况为丧偶。
- 已婚Claudia-42 - -41为巩固后三头同盟而结婚;不久后离婚,仍为处女。
- 已婚Scribonia-40 - -39为与塞克斯图斯·庞培达成和平的政治联姻;在生下茱莉亚当天离婚。
- 已婚Livia Drusilla-38 - 14现任结婚52年;无亲生子女;莉维娅是关键的政治顾问。
身价(遗产价值)
$0
iFANN编辑团队估算
iFANN currently estimates the net worth of Augustus at $0. As a figure deceased since AD 14, he possesses no living assets, yet his control over resources during his reign was absolute. At the time of his death, the imperial treasury contained vast wealth derived from Egypt's grain revenues, provincial tribute, and personal holdings. The Roman Empire's annual budget at that time is estimated at 200 to 400 million sesterces, with Augustus personally controlling the majority of these funds. His estate passed to his successor Tiberius and the imperial treasury upon his demise. No modern valuation of his wealth is possible, but his command over the resources of the entire Roman world made him, in practical terms, the wealthiest individual of his era.
获奖 (8)
奥古斯都获得了罗马国家所能授予的最高荣誉:公元前27年获得奥古斯都称号、因拯救公民获得公民冠、美德盾牌、保民官权、行省总督治权、大祭司职务以及祖国之父称号。去世后,元老院将他神化,建立了帝王崇拜,在整个帝国设有神庙和祭司。
-27 · 荣誉称号
Principate
-27 · 军事荣誉
Saving citizens' lives
代表作
Founder of the Roman Empire
27 BC · First Emperor
Pax Romana
27 BC · Establisher
Battle of Actium
31 BC · Commander
Augustan Age of Latin Literature
1st century BC · Patron
关键词
来源
速览
- 职业
- politician, military personnel, ruler
- 出生
- September 23, 63 BC
- 出生地
- Rome, Italy
- 逝世
- August 19, AD 14
- 逝世地点
- Nola, Italy
- 性别
- 男
- 配偶
- Claudia, Scribonia, Livia
个人资料
- 全名
- Gaius Octavius Thurinus
- 身高
- 5 ft 7 in (170 cm)
- 配偶
- Claudia, Scribonia, Livia
- 子女
- Julia the Elder (daughter with Scribonia); adopted sons Gaius Caesar, Lucius Caesar, Tiberius
- 教育
- Rhetoric, philosophy, and astronomy in Rome and Epirus
常见问题
奥古斯都是怎么死的?
奥古斯都与尤利乌斯·凯撒有血缘关系吗?
奥古斯都成为皇帝时多大年纪?
奥古斯都有孩子吗?
奥古斯都的真名是什么?
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